The plague, historically one of the deadliest bacterial infections, claimed an estimated 50 million lives in Europe during the mid-1300s. Presently, due to improved sanitation and medical advancements, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports an average of only seven human cases annually in the United States. While human risk has decreased significantly, prairie dog colonies and other rodents in the western U.S. continue to be affected by the disease.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have discovered a new transmission route for the plague: from mother flea to offspring. Deborah Anderson, a professor at Mizzou’s College of Veterinary Medicine, led this study. Anderson explains that “resources like LIDR are crucial for driving cutting-edge breakthroughs that protect public health and tackle global challenges.”
The Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research (LIDR) at Mizzou is one of only 12 labs in the U.S. classified as Biosecurity Level 3. This designation allows it to safely research pathogenic diseases. The lab’s establishment was part of a federal initiative post-September 11, 2001, aimed at enhancing bioterrorism defense research.
Rodents such as prairie dogs are particularly vulnerable to the plague, with entire colonies being wiped out, which impacts broader ecosystems. In 2009, over 80% of black-footed ferrets—one of the world’s most endangered mammals—were killed by the plague.
Anderson emphasizes that while “the threat to the general public is low,” preparation remains essential since no vaccines for humans exist currently.
Mizzou’s research contributes significantly to One Health—a concept highlighting interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health. By studying animals like fleas and their role in transmitting diseases such as the plague, researchers aim to enhance public health monitoring systems.
The university’s strategic investments have facilitated interdisciplinary collaboration among various departments including Veterinary Medicine; Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources; and Medicine—all within close proximity on campus.
Safety protocols at LIDR ensure secure handling of bacteria during research activities. Anderson appreciates Mizzou’s commitment to addressing societal challenges securely: “I always feel safe when handling bacteria.”
The study titled “Transovarial transmission of Yersinia pestis in its flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis” received funding from the National Institutes of Health.
